Technology and design in electronic equipment, 2024, no. 1-2, pp. 11-23.
DOI: 10.15222/TKEA2024.1-2.11
UDC 621.355:621.311.61
Modified active balancer for use in multi-module batteries
(in Ukrainian)
Lipko D. O., Bondarenko O. F.
Ukraine, Kyiv, National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute".
The study considers the structure of multimodular batteries (on the example of electric vehicle batteries), cell configuration, chemical composition and capacity of the elements that form the cells. The authors compare the battery characteristics of most models of electric cars. Based on the analysis of the topologies of active balancers, it was proposed to additionally classify active balancers by a new classification feature, namely by the way energy flows between cells. The improved topology of the active balancer proposed in this study provides additional balancing at the module level and allows flexible change of the balancing method to speed it up and increase reliability. Modeling of the balancing speed for different active balancer topologies helped to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
Keywords: electric vehicle, cell, multi-module battery, active balancing, passive balancing, battery management system.
Received 13.05 2024
References
-
Leippi A., Fleschutz M., Murphy M. D. A review of ev battery utilization in demand response considering battery degradation in non-residential vehicle-to-grid scenarios, Energies (Basel), 2022, vol. 15, no. 9, 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093227
-
Lipko D., Manzhelii A., Yamnenko I., Bondarenko O. Possibilities and challenges of partially using a charge-discharge cycle of battery to increase its resource. 2023 IEEE 4th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPI Week). Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2023, pp. 1 - 5, https://doi.org/10.1109/KhPIWeek61412.2023.10312983
-
Ayuso P., Beltran H., Segarra-Tamarit J., Perez E. Optimized profitability of LFP and NMC Li-ion batteries in residential PV applications. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2021, vol. 183, pp. 97 - 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2020.02.011
-
Nikolian A., Jaguemont J., de Hoog J. et al. Complete cell-level lithium-ion electrical ECM model for different chemistries (NMC, LFP, LTO) and temperatures (-5 C to 45 C) - Optimized modelling techniques. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 98, pp. 133 - 146, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.11.031
-
Miao Y., Hynan P., Von Jouanne A., Yokochi A. Current Li-ion battery technologies in electric vehicles and opportunities for advancements. Energies, 2019, vol. 12, no. 6, 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061074
-
Rastegarpanah A., Ahmeid M., Marturi N. et al. Towards robotizing the processes of testing lithium-ion batteries. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, 2021, vol. 235, no. 8, pp. 1309 - 1325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959651821998599
-
Pedro L. Comparison of different EV batteries in 2020. PushEVs.com [Electronic resource], April 4, 2020, Regime of access: http://surl.li/tqich
-
Kryvosheiev S., Styslo B., Makarov V. et al. Cell equalizer for series-connected lithium batteries. 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS), 2018, vol. 732-733, pp. 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEPS.2018.8559537
-
Caspar M., Eiler T., Hohmann S. Comparison of active battery balancing systems. 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Coimbra, Portugal, 2014, pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007027
-
Jiang B., Liu Y., Huang X., Prakash R. R. R. A new battery active balancing method with supercapacitor considering regeneration process. IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Singapore, 2020, pp. 2364 - 2369, https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254839
-
Qi J., Lu D. D.-C. Review of battery cell balancing techniques. 2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), Perth, WA, Australia, 2014, pp. 1 - 6, https://doi.org/10.1109/AUPEC.2014.6966514
-
Daowd M., Omar N., Van Den Bossche P., Van Mierlo J. Passive and active battery balancing comparison based on MATLAB simulation. 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 2011, pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043010
-
Ghaeminezhad N., Ouyang Q., Hu X. et al. Active cell equalization topologies analysis for battery packs: A systematic review. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2021, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 9119 - 9135. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3052163
-
Kim C.-H., Kim M.-Y., Park H.-S., Moon G.-W. A modularized two-stage charge equalizer with cell selection switches for series-connected lithium-ion battery string in an HEV. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2012, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3764 - 3774. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185248
-
Cao J., Schofield N., Emadi A. Battery balancing methods: A comprehensive review. 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008, pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2008.4677669
-
Ceylan M., Balikci A. An intermodular active balancing topology for efficient operation of high voltage battery packs in Li-ion based energy storage systems: Switched (flying) DC/DC converter. Energies (Basel), 2023, vol. 16, no. 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155608
-
Zhang F., Rehman M. M. U., Zane R., Maksimovic D. Hybrid balancing in a modular battery management system for electric-drive vehicles. 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2017, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 578 - 583. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2017.8095835
-
Ziegler A., Oeser D., Hein T., Ackva A. Development and application of an active balancing system for lithium-ion cells. 2019 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2019, pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC46532.2019.8952317
-
Kim C.-H., Kim Y.-D., Moon G.-W., Park H. Individual cell voltage equalizer using selective two current paths for series connected li-ion battery strings. 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, San Jose, CA, USA, 2009, pp. 1812 - 1817. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2009.5316213
-
Lee S. W., Lee K. M., Choi Y. G., Kang B. Modularized design of active charge equalizer for Li-ion battery pack. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 8697 - 8706. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2813997
-
Elvira D. G., Blavi H. V., Moncusi J. M. B. et al. Active battery balancing via a switched DC/DC converter: Description and performance analysis. 2019 16th Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA), Varna, Bulgaria, 2019, pp. 1 - 6, https://doi.org/10.1109/ELMA.2019.8771697
-
Pham V.-L., Duong V.-T., Choi W. High-efficiency active cell-to-cell balancing circuit for lithium-ion battery modules using LLC resonant converter. Journal of Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 20, pp. 1037 - 1046. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s43236-020-00088-6
|